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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#School food service has played an important role in promoting the health and physical condition of students by providing students with a balanced and nutritious diet. Therefore, boosting the quality of school food service and improving the students’ satisfaction is critical. For this purpose, this study examined the structural causal relationship among the quality of school food service factors, emotional responses, and satisfaction in China. @*SUBJECTS/METHODS@#This study was conducted with 4th–6th-grade students from 6 junior high schools in Henan province of China, with 590 questionnaire responses (87.3%) collected and statistically analyzed. @*RESULTS@#The school food service quality factors (including menu management, dietary education, facilities management, price and food distribution management, and personal hygiene during meals) must be enhanced to boost the students’ satisfaction. In addition, the study used questionnaire survey data to validate the full mediation of students’ emotional responses between school food service quality factors and student satisfaction. @*CONCLUSIONS@#Students’ emotions also play an important role in influencing the quality of school food service, all of which affect the emotional responses of students. Therefore, students’ positive emotions are an important indicator for improving the quality of school food service. A national support policy is necessary for the ongoing maintenance and development of various programs that drive students' satisfaction and promote the adoption of education guidelines for school food service in China.
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Purpose@#To provide basic data for the development of a nursing intervention program in order to improve intention to receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intention of mothers of elementary school girls by confirming the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between knowledge of HPV vaccine, attitude towards vaccination, subjective norm, and intention to receive vaccination. @*Methods@#The subjects of this study are 171 mothers of elementary school students in grades 5–6 in Yangsan city. The health teacher delivered the questionnaire to the mothers via the female elementary school students in the classroom, the mothers filled out the questionnaire by self-filling, and the questionnaires were collected through the health teacher. @*Results@#The fully mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between the knowledge of the HPV vaccine and the intention of the mothers of female elementary school students to receive vaccination. The partial mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between attitude towards HPV vaccination and the intention to receive vaccination. The partial mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between the subjective norm for HPV vaccination and the intention to receive vaccination. @*Conclusion@#It is necessary to develop an HPV vaccine vaccination promotion program that can enhance the level of knowledge, attitudes towards vaccination, and subjective norm of HPV vaccine for female elementary school mothers and to strengthen their sense of self-efficacy.
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Objectives@#The aim of this study is to identify the factors related to re-visit intentions of patients who had visited the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled currently operating in Korea. @*Methods@#A self-developed questionnaire (29 items) was distributed among 1,000 randomly selected patients and their guardians who had visited one of the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled, with a consent. Consequently, 874 questionnaires were collected and analysed for statistics using SPSS 25.0. @*Results@#The patients traveled a long distance to visit the oral health care centers because of their specialization for the disabled. With the level of satisfaction with dentist services, dental hygienist services, and facilities increasing, the re-visit intention proportionally rose. @*Conclusions@#This study presents basic data that provides information on the operation of 10 oral health care centers for the disabled. It is imperative to develop a more structured questionnaire, and conduct an annual survey of the disabled visiting the centers.
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Purpose@#To provide basic data for the development of a nursing intervention program in order to improve intention to receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intention of mothers of elementary school girls by confirming the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between knowledge of HPV vaccine, attitude towards vaccination, subjective norm, and intention to receive vaccination. @*Methods@#The subjects of this study are 171 mothers of elementary school students in grades 5–6 in Yangsan city. The health teacher delivered the questionnaire to the mothers via the female elementary school students in the classroom, the mothers filled out the questionnaire by self-filling, and the questionnaires were collected through the health teacher. @*Results@#The fully mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between the knowledge of the HPV vaccine and the intention of the mothers of female elementary school students to receive vaccination. The partial mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between attitude towards HPV vaccination and the intention to receive vaccination. The partial mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between the subjective norm for HPV vaccination and the intention to receive vaccination. @*Conclusion@#It is necessary to develop an HPV vaccine vaccination promotion program that can enhance the level of knowledge, attitudes towards vaccination, and subjective norm of HPV vaccine for female elementary school mothers and to strengthen their sense of self-efficacy.
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Objectives@#The aim of this study is to identify the factors related to re-visit intentions of patients who had visited the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled currently operating in Korea. @*Methods@#A self-developed questionnaire (29 items) was distributed among 1,000 randomly selected patients and their guardians who had visited one of the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled, with a consent. Consequently, 874 questionnaires were collected and analysed for statistics using SPSS 25.0. @*Results@#The patients traveled a long distance to visit the oral health care centers because of their specialization for the disabled. With the level of satisfaction with dentist services, dental hygienist services, and facilities increasing, the re-visit intention proportionally rose. @*Conclusions@#This study presents basic data that provides information on the operation of 10 oral health care centers for the disabled. It is imperative to develop a more structured questionnaire, and conduct an annual survey of the disabled visiting the centers.
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Phospholipase C beta 2 (PLC-β2) regulates various essential functions in cell signaling, differentiation, growth, and mobility. We investigated the clinical implications of PLC-β2 protein expression in newly diagnosed normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (NKAML). The PLC-β2 expression status in bone marrow tissues obtained from 101 patients with NK-AML was determined using semiquantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC results were compared with those for known prognostic markers. Using a cutoff score for positivity of 7.0, the PLC-β2 overexpression group showed superior overall survival (OS) (72.6% vs. 26.5%; P = 0.016) and low hazard ratio (HR) (0.453; P = 0.019) compared with the PLC-β2 low-expression group. The PLC-β2 overexpression group showed no significant gain in event-free survival (50.6% vs. 43.0%, P =0.465) and HR (0.735; P =0.464).Among the known prognostic markers, only FLT3-ITD positivity was associated with a significantly low OS and high HR. In conclusion, PLC-β2 overexpression was associated with favorable OS in NK-AML patients. Our results suggest that PLC-β2 expression assessment using IHC allows prognosis prediction in NK-AML.
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Background@#Prohibitin (PHB) regulates intracellular signal pathways, transcription, and cell cycles. Aberrant expression of the PHB gene is known to be related totumorigenesis, tumor progression, and chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to develop a one-step quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) kit for quantifying PHB mRNA levels and evaluate its performance in the laboratory. @*Methods@#TaqMan chemistry was used to develop the one-step PHB1 and PHB2 RT-qPCR kit. Normal peripheral blood cells from healthy individuals (N=20) and leukemia cells from patients initially diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML, N=20), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, N=13), and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL, N=7) were enrolled to evaluate the laboratory performance of the kit using commercially available total human RNA controls. @*Results@#The intra-assay and inter-assay precision of the kit developed in this study was less than 2%. The distribution of PHB1 mRNA expression of AML, CML, and ALL was 0.898-0.993 (median: 0.936), 0.817-0.976 (0.918), and 0.844-1.074 (0.973), respectively. The distribution of PHB2 mRNA expression of AML, CML, and ALL was 0.957-1.024 (median: 0.985), 0.988-1.047 (1.002), and 0.937-1.059 (1.004), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and test effectiveness of the developed PHB1 and PHB2 kit were greater than 50% for each parameter. @*Conclusions@#Our developed kit would be useful for diagnosing leukemia as well as detecting residual disease. Additionally, this kit could be used for monitoring and conducting molecular pathophysiological studies of obesity, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.
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Purpose@#This descriptive study investigated the effects of nurses’ knowledge of withdrawalof life-sustaining treatment, death anxiety, and perceptions of hospice care on their attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. @*Methods@#Data were collected from 262 nurses at tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, or primary hospitals in Busan, Korea, and statistically analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. @*Results@#The participants’ scores were 3.68±0.45 (out of 5) for attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, 0.65± 0.15 (out of 1) for knowledge of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, 2.61±0.26 (out of 4) for death anxiety, and 4.06±0.43 (out of 5) for perceptions of hospice care. Furthermore, knowledge of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and perceptions of hospice care showed positive correlations with attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, while death anxiety showed a negative correlation. The most significant factors influencing attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment were perceptions of hospice care, followed by having experienced caring for patients who withdrew life-sustaining treatment, death anxiety, having a spouse, and ethical values, and the overall explanatory power was 43.0%. @*Conclusion@#This study showed that perceptions of hospice were an important fac-tor influencing nurses’ attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Therefore,it is necessary to develop and validate educational intervention programs that can improve perceptions of hospice care.
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Background@#Chromosomal analysis is essential for the diagnosis and risk stratification of all leukemia patients. Not surprisingly, racial differences in chromosomal aberrations (CA) in hematological malignancies could be found, and CA incidence in leukemia might change over time, possibly due to environmental and lifestyle changes. Thus, we compared the frequency and range of CA in patients with acute leukemia (AL) during two time periods (2006‒2009 vs. 2010‒2015) and compared them with other prior studies. @*Methods@#We enrolled 717 patients with AL during a six-year period (2010‒2015). We compared the results to those of our earlier study (2006‒2009) [1]. Conventional cytogenetics, a multiplex reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR system, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were employed to assess bone marrow specimens or peripheral blood at the diagnostic stage in AL patients to detect CA. @*Results@#The incidence of CA changed in the leukemia subgroups during the two time periods.Notably, the most frequent CA of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was PML/RARA, and was followed by RUNX1/RUNX1T1 in the current study. In contrast, the most common CA was RUNX1/RUNX1T1 in a previous study [1] and was followed by PML/RARA. In this study, the most frequent CA of the mixed phenotype AL was BCR/ABL1, which was followed by KMT2A/MLLT3. In a previous report, [1] the most frequent CA was BCR/ABL1, which was followed by KMT2A/ELL. @*Conclusion@#The distribution of CA in Korean AL patients changed over time in a single institute. This change might be due to environmental and lifestyle changes.
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Background@#Chromosomal analysis is essential for the diagnosis and risk stratification of all leukemia patients. Not surprisingly, racial differences in chromosomal aberrations (CA) in hematological malignancies could be found, and CA incidence in leukemia might change over time, possibly due to environmental and lifestyle changes. Thus, we compared the frequency and range of CA in patients with acute leukemia (AL) during two time periods (2006‒2009 vs. 2010‒2015) and compared them with other prior studies. @*Methods@#We enrolled 717 patients with AL during a six-year period (2010‒2015). We compared the results to those of our earlier study (2006‒2009) [1]. Conventional cytogenetics, a multiplex reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR system, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were employed to assess bone marrow specimens or peripheral blood at the diagnostic stage in AL patients to detect CA. @*Results@#The incidence of CA changed in the leukemia subgroups during the two time periods.Notably, the most frequent CA of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was PML/RARA, and was followed by RUNX1/RUNX1T1 in the current study. In contrast, the most common CA was RUNX1/RUNX1T1 in a previous study [1] and was followed by PML/RARA. In this study, the most frequent CA of the mixed phenotype AL was BCR/ABL1, which was followed by KMT2A/MLLT3. In a previous report, [1] the most frequent CA was BCR/ABL1, which was followed by KMT2A/ELL. @*Conclusion@#The distribution of CA in Korean AL patients changed over time in a single institute. This change might be due to environmental and lifestyle changes.
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BACKGROUND: Fluoranthene (FR) is a common environmental pollutant that exists in a complex mixture with other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We identified biomarkers for monitoring FR exposure and investigated the rescue effect of FR-induced cellular toxicity via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist activity in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs).METHODS: Morphological changes, viability, and rescue effects of an AHR antagonist (CH223191) were examined in BM-MSCs after exposure to FR. Cytotoxic effects were assayed using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. Apoptosis was measured by annexin V and propidium iodide dye-based flowcytometry assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, and nuclear DNA fragmentation assay. Molecular signaling pathways of apoptosis and autophagy were investigated using immunoblotting. Proteomics were performed in order to reveal the spectra of cellular damage and identify biomarkers for FR exposure.RESULTS: Exposing BM-MSCs to FR (IC₅₀=50 µM) induced cell death and morphological changes, while the AHR antagonist showed rescue effects. Autophagy was activated and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased. Proteomic analysis identified 48 deregulated proteins (26 upregulated and 22 downregulated). Among them, annexin A6, pyruvate kinase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, and phospholipase A2 could be potential biomarkers for FR exposure.CONCLUSION: The exposure of BM-MSCs to FR induced remarkable alterations in cellular biology and the proteome, allowing for identification of novel biomarkers for FR exposure. Furthermore, AHR antagonists might be able to prevent cellular damage due to FR exposure.
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Annexin A5 , Annexin A6 , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Biomarkers , Bone Marrow , Cell Death , DNA Fragmentation , Immunoblotting , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Oxidoreductases , Phospholipases A2 , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Propidium , Proteome , Proteomics , Pyruvate Kinase , Receptors, Aryl HydrocarbonABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations may regulate the progression and chemosensitivity of leukemia. Few studies regarding mitochondrial aberrations and haplogroups in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their clinical impacts have been reported. Therefore, we focused on the mtDNA length heteroplasmies minisatellite instability (MSI), copy number alterations, and distribution of mitochondrial haplogroups in Korean patients with AML. METHODS: This study investigated 74 adult patients with AML and 70 controls to evaluate mtDNA sequence alterations, MSI, mtDNA copy number, haplogroups, and their clinical implications. The hypervariable (HV) control regions (HV1 and HV2), tRNA(leu1)gene, and cytochrome b gene of mtDNA were analyzed. Two mtDNA minisatellite markers, 16189 poly-C (¹⁶¹⁸⁴CCCCCTCCCC¹⁶¹⁹³, 5CT4C) and 303 poly-C (³⁰³CCCCCCCTCCCCC³¹⁵, 7CT5C), were used to examine the mtDNA MSI. RESULTS: In AML, most mtDNA sequence variants were single nucleotide substitutions, but there were no significant differences compared to those in controls. The number of mtMSI patterns increased in AML. The mean mtDNA copy number of AML patients increased approximately 9-fold compared to that of controls (P < 0.0001). Haplogroup D4 was found in AML with a higher frequency compared to that in controls (31.0% vs. 15.7%, P=0.046). None of the aforementioned factors showed significant impacts on the outcomes. CONCLUSION: AML cells disclosed more heterogeneous patterns with the mtMSI markers and had increased mtDNA copy numbers. These findings implicate mitochondrial genome instability in primary AML cells. Therefore, mtDNA haplogroup D4 might be associated with AML risk among Koreans.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cytochromes b , DNA, Mitochondrial , Genome, Mitochondrial , Leukemia , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Minisatellite RepeatsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate patient-reported satisfaction following robot-assisted hysterectomy due to benign uterine disease, and to identify the factors associated. METHODS: We used a questionnaire to evaluate patients' satisfaction with robot-assisted hysterectomy. The questions concerned overall patient-reported satisfaction and specific factors affecting satisfaction, including postoperative pain, return to daily life, the hospital experience, wounds, cost, the doctor-patient relationship, whether expectations were met, and whether detailed information was provided. We also collected data from patient records, such as uterine weight, rate of pelvic adhesion, operation time, rate of transfusion, delayed discharge, and readmission. One hundred patients who underwent robot-assisted hysterectomy participated in the study. Seventy-three fully completed questionnaires were returned. RESULTS: The majority of patients (95.9%) were satisfied with robot-assisted hysterectomy. The doctor-patient relationship, whether expectations were met, the hospital experience, wounds, and whether detailed information was provided were statistically significant factors influencing patients' overall satisfaction. Payment of fees and clinical and surgical outcomes did not significantly influence patients' overall satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that most patients reported high levels of satisfaction following robot-assisted hysterectomy, regardless of cost or clinical and surgical outcomes. Therefore, if gynecologists consider robot-assisted hysterectomy suitable for patients they need not hesitate based on potential costs; they should feel confident in recommending the procedure to patients.
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Humans , Fees and Charges , Hysterectomy , Pain, Postoperative , Patient Satisfaction , Uterine Diseases , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting resilience in nursing students. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 200 nursing students at a college and a university in P city and K city. Data were collected from March 1 to 20, 2017, and analyzed with SPSS PASW 22.0. RESULTS: In the hierarchical analysis, factors affecting resilience were emotional intelligence (β=.39, p<.001), psychological well-being (β=.31, p<.001), and self-esteem (β=.16, p=.010). The variable that had the highest impact was emotional intelligence and the explanation power of the regression model was 65%(F=34.40 p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that emotional intelligence, psychological well-being, and self-esteem are essential for resilience in nursing students. Thus, enhancing emotional intelligence and psychological well-being would be an effective strategy to improve resilience in nursing students.
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Humans , Emotional Intelligence , Nursing , Resilience, Psychological , Students, NursingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationships between spiritual well-being, attitude towards death and perception of hospice, and the factors influencing hospice perception of high school students. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 229 students in four high schools in B city from May 1, 2015 through May 31, 2015. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. This study was approved by the internal review board. RESULTS: The factors influencing hospice perception of the high school students were previous recognition of hospice (β=0.412, P<0.001), attitude towards death preparation among sub-variables of attitude towards death (β=-0.244, P<0.001), subjective school life satisfaction (β=-0.215, P<0.001), and sex (β=0.191, P<0.001). The more positive the attitude towards my body after death and that towards death preparation was, the more positive recognition for hospice was. The total explanatory power of these factors was 34.5%. CONCLUSION: To improve high school students' perception of hospice, it is necessary to provide them with a hospice education program to help them with their attitudes towards death preparation and their understanding of hospice.
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Adolescent , Humans , Attitude to Death , Education , Hospice Care , Hospices , Korea , Palliative Care , SpiritualityABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine the level of milk consumption and perception of the school milk programs among elementary, middle and high school students, which provides the information to improve the school milk program. Using a self-administered questionnaire survey, the data collected from 1,725 students nationwide were analyzed. The results showed that whole milk was the type of milk most frequently drunk by the students, although flavored milk and yogurt products were also highly preferred. When asked whether they wanted the school milk program or not, approximately 30% of the students in the schools presently participating in the school milk program and 50% of the students in the schools not participating the school milk program answered "yes". However, all of the respondents preferred to have a choice for the school milk program. The elementary school students showed a higher level of satisfaction with the school milk program than the middle and high school students. Especially, the level of satisfaction with the taste and flavor of the milk was the lowest among the various satisfaction items. However, the students were reported to believe that milk is highly nutritious and good for their health in the present study. Our results suggest that providing a choice of dairy products would improve the students' satisfaction with the school milk program, and that continuous education about the benefits of drinking milk would also encourage them to participate in the school milk program.
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Humans , Dairy Products , Drinking , Education , Korea , Milk , Surveys and Questionnaires , YogurtABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to investigate the factors affection the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances for Children (C-OIDP) in elementary and middle school students, and identify the association between oral health-related behaviors, oral health condition and C-OIDP. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three schools in Incheon, Asan, Korea. A total of 175 selected children were interviewed by a trained examiner using a questionnaire. Oral Health Related Quality of Life was assessed by the Korean version of C-OIDP. Socio-economic characteristics, oral health-related behaviors, oral health condition and C-OIDP were verified using the questionnaire. ANOVA analysis was performed to determine the oral health and C-OIDP, and multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting the C-OIDP. The activities with the greatest effect were eating (28.0%), cleaning teeth (22.9%), and smiling (18.9%). In the logistic regression model, the high item score of C-OIDP was associated with experiencing dental caries and gum pain in the past month. The more the C-OIDP prevalence item, the more the fillng deciduous tooth surface (fs) (p=0.024), caries experienced deciduous tooth surface (dfs) (p=0.049), total caries tooth surface (ds+DS) (p=0.021), and total caries experienced tooth surface (dfs+DMFS) (p=0.047). It can be concluded that the factors affecting C-OIDP are fs, dfs, dfs+DMFS, and gingival pain. Based on these results, we can improve C-OIDP to advance preventive practice.
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Child , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Caries , Eating , Gingiva , Korea , Logistic Models , Oral Health , Prevalence , Quality of Life , Smiling , Tooth , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Mastic is a resinous extract from the stem and main leaves of Pistacia lentiscus, grown only in the Chios island of Greece. Mastic has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-ulcer activities. Although mastic has been widely studied, its inhibitory effect against cancer cells, especially oral cancer cells, has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to assess the anticancer effects of mastic on human oral cancer YD-10B cells. METHODS: YD-10B cells were cultured in 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 µg/mL mastic for 24 h. Cell count, viability, morphology, colony-forming assay, and DAPI staining were analyzed. RESULTS: Mastic treatment of YD-10B cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, and almost all the cells in the 10 µg/mL culture were dead (P<0.05). Mastic treatment induced a morphological change and nuclear fragmentation in the YD-10B cells, and inhibited colony formation of YD-10B cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that mastic exhibited anticancer effects on the YD-10B cells through changes in cell morphology and apoptosis.
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Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Count , Greece , Mouth Neoplasms , PistaciaABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting turnover intention in pediatric nurses. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 212 nurses working in pediatric units at 15 hospitals in Busan, K city. Data were collected from September 1 to October 31, 2014. and analyzed with SPSS PASW 18.0. RESULTS: In Stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting the nurses' turnover intention were emotional burnout (beta =.37, p<.001), relationship between nurse and doctor (beta =.20, p<.001), turnover plan (beta =.17, p<.001), and annual salary (beta =-.13, p<.001), and these variables accounted for 32.2% of the variance in turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the major factors influencing pediatric nurses' turnover intention are emotional burnout, cooperative relationship between nurse and doctor, turnover plan, and annual salary. Thus, in order to reduce pediatric nurses' turnover intention, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to prevent emotional burnout, the most influencing factor, and enhance cooperative relationship between nurse and doctor and to examine their effects.